Other mammals, such as cattle, sheep, goats, cats, dogs, and raccoons, are also susceptible. The disease is usually fatal in these animal species. Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus is a mosquito-borne viral pathogen that causes Venezuelan equine encephalitis or encephalomyelitis VEE.
VEE can affect all equine species, such as horses, donkeys, and zebras. After infection, equines may suddenly die or show progressive central nervous system disorders. Humans also can contract this disease. Healthy adults who become infected by the virus may experience flu-like symptoms, such as high fevers and headaches. People with weakened immune systems and the young and the elderly can become severely ill or die from this disease.
It is the causative agent of African swine fever ASF. The virus causes a hemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates in domestic pigs; some isolates can cause death of animals as quickly as a week after infection. It persistently infects its natural hosts, warthogs, bushpigs, and soft ticks of the genus Ornithodoros , which likely act as a vector, with no disease signs. It does not cause disease in humans.
ASFV is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and exists in the wild through a cycle of infection between ticks and wild pigs, bushpigs, and warthogs. The disease was first described after European settlers brought pigs into areas endemic with ASFV, and as such, is an example of an emerging infectious disease. The United Kingdom foot-and-mouth outbreak occurred when the discharge of infectious effluent from a laboratory in Surrey led to foot-and-mouth disease FMD infections at four nearby farms.
The infections were detected via regular livestock testing by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Defra. Influenza , commonly known as " the flu ", is an infectious disease caused by influenza viruses. Symptoms range from mild to severe and often include fever, runny nose, sore throat, muscle pain, headache, coughing, and fatigue.
These symptoms begin from one to four days after exposure to the virus and last for about 2—8 days. Diarrhea and vomiting can occur, particularly in children. Influenza may progress to pneumonia, which can be caused by the virus or by a subsequent bacterial infection.
Other complications of infection include acute respiratory distress syndrome, meningitis, encephalitis, and worsening of pre-existing health problems such as asthma and cardiovascular disease.
The social history of viruses describes the influence of viruses and viral infections on human history. Epidemics caused by viruses began when human behaviour changed during the Neolithic period, around 12, years ago, when humans developed more densely populated agricultural communities.
This allowed viruses to spread rapidly and subsequently to become endemic. Viruses of plants and livestock also increased, and as humans became dependent on agriculture and farming, diseases such as potyviruses of potatoes and rinderpest of cattle had devastating consequences. Rotavirus gastroenteritis is the most common cause of severe diarrhoea among infants and young children.
By the age of five, nearly every child in the world has been infected with rotavirus at least once. However, with each infection, immunity develops, and subsequent infections are less severe; adults are rarely affected.
Pacheco's disease is a highly infectious and acute bird disease caused by a species of herpesvirus, Psittacid alphaherpesvirus 1 PsHV All psittacine species are susceptible to Pacheco's disease, mainly those in zoological collections and aviaries in any geographic regions. Specifically, Pacheco's disease has a high occurrence rate in Amazon parrots, followed by African grey parrots, parrots, macaws, cockatoos and conures.
Due to a very high mortality rate within these susceptible species, concerns are brought to companion bird markets and breeders. A Foreign animal disease FAD is an animal disease or pest, whether terrestrial or aquatic, not known to exist in the United States or its territories. When these diseases can significantly affect human health or animal production and when there is significant economic cost for disease control and eradication efforts, they are considered a threat to the United States.
Another term gaining preference to be used is Transboundary Animal Disease TAD , which is defined as those epidemic diseases which are highly contagious or transmissible and have the potential for very rapid spread, irrespective of national borders, causing serious socio-economic and possibly public health consequences.
An Emerging Animal Disease " may be defined as any terrestrial animal, aquatic animal, or zoonotic disease not yet known or characterized, or any known or characterized terrestrial animal or aquatic animal disease in the United States or its territories that changes or mutates in pathogenicity, communicability, or zoonotic potential to become a threat to terrestrial animals, aquatic animals, or humans.
This article is about the animal disease. For the unrelated human disease, see Hand, foot, and mouth disease. Medical condition. Main article: United Kingdom foot-and-mouth epidemic. Main article: United Kingdom foot-and-mouth outbreak. Main articles: Japan foot-and-mouth outbreak and — South Korea foot-and-mouth outbreak. Viruses portal. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. PMID Archived from the original on June 5, Research in Veterinary Science.
Bibcode : PLoSO PMC The Journal of Hygiene. Retrieved 28 August Animal Viruses: Molecular Biology. Caister Academic Press. ISBN Identification of the nasopharynx as the primary site of infection" PDF.
Veterinary Pathology. S2CID Farmers Weekly. Archived from the original on Retrieved September 3, Acta Vet. Stenfeldt; et al. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. April Bibcode : PLoSO.. Journal of Virology.
Mol Cells. Infect Genet Evol. Commonwealth Bureau of Animal Health. May Veterinary Record. BMC Veterinary Research. Wolves in Russia: Anxiety throughout the ages. Cape Town, : The Society. Bibcode : Sci Scientific Reports. Bibcode : NatSR The Lancet. The Guardian. Agriculture" PDF. Agricultural History. Science History Institute. April 25, Retrieved 27 August Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press , p. Machado, Jr. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. Archived from the original on July 7, BBC News.
The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original PDF on The Wall Street Journal. The Huffington Post. Arch Virol. Washington State Department of Health. March Archived from the original on 10 June After assembly, the host cell lyses bursts and releases the new viruses. These serotypes show some regionality, and the O serotype is most common.
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Enterovirus 71 - Wikipedia en. What is enterovirus EV? Enterovirus - Wikipedia en. What is human rhinovirus A71? Human rhinovirus A Human rhinovirus It was first isolated and characterized from cases Retrieved 6 October The Journal of Infectious Diseases. Searches related to enterovirus 71 wikipedia People also search for.
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